Ophthalmology Science
Top medRxiv preprints most likely to be published in this journal, ranked by match strength.
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BackgroundFew metrics exist to describe phenotypic diversity within ophthalmic imaging datasets, with researchers often using ethnicity as an inappropriate marker for biological variability. MethodsWe derived a continuous, measured metric, the retinal pigment score (RPS), that quantifies the degree of pigmentation from a colour fundus photograph of the eye. RPS was validated using two large epidemiological studies with demographic and genetic data (UK Biobank and EPIC-Norfolk Study). FindingsA...
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PurposeTo quantify spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a large cohort of molecularly characterized patients with inherited retinal disease (IRDs) from the UK. DesignRetrospective study of imaging data. ParticipantsPatients with a clinical and molecularly confirmed diagnosis of IRD who have undergone macular SD-OCT imaging at Moorfields Eye Hospital (MEH) between 2011 and 2019. We retrospectively identified 4,240 IRD patients from...
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PurposeTo introduce and validate Flowdef, an open{square}source MATLAB application that automatically excludes drusen{square} and vessel{square}related projection artifacts and enables region{square}specific quantification of choriocapillaris (CC) flow voids in eyes with age{square}related macular degeneration (AMD). MethodsThirty eyes (10 healthy controls, 10 intermediate AMD, 10 dry AMD with geographic atrophy [GA]) underwent 6 x 6 mm OCT{square}angiography. Flowdef generates exclusion masks ...
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This protocol describes the A-EYE Study and provides information about procedures for entering participants. Every care was taken in its drafting, but corrections or amendments may be necessary. These will be circulated to investigators in the Study. Problems relating to this Study should be referred, in the first instance, to the Chief Investigator. This study will adhere to the principles outlined in the UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research (v3.2 10th October 2017). It will...
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IntroductionAnti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies are standards of care for vision-threatening retinal diseases. This retrospective observational study describes demographics, utilization, best recorded visual acuity (BRVA), and safety among eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), or retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treated with the biosimilar aflibercept-ayyh (PAVBLU(R)) in routine clinical pract...
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PurposeComparison of performance and explainability of a multi-task convolutional deep neuronal network to single-task networks for activity detection in neovascular age-dependent macular degeneration. MethodsFrom n = 70 patients (46 female, 24 male) who attended the University Eye Hospital Tubingen 3762 optical coherence tomography B-scans (right eye: 2011, left eye: 1751) were acquired with Heidelberg Spectralis, Heidelberg, Germany. B-scans were graded by a retina specialist and an ophthalmo...
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Reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) signify a critical phenotype driving vision loss in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Their detection is paramount in the clinical management of those with AMD, yet they remain challenging to reliably identify. We thus developed a deep learning (DL) model to segment RPD from 9,800 optical coherence tomography B-scans, and this model produced RPD segmentations that had higher agreement with four retinal specialists (Dice similarity coefficient [DSC]=0{middle dot...
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ObjectiveComplement biomarker analysis in ocular fluid samples from subjects with geographic atrophy (GA) in a Phase I/II clinical trial of subretinal AAV2 complement factor I (CFI; FI) gene therapy, PPY988 (formerly GT005), to understand target pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. Clinical findings were subsequently utilized to investigate the therapeutic dose in an in vitro complement activation assay. Design, setting and participantsBiomarker data were evaluated from 28 subjects in FOCUS, a Ph...
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PurposeRod-mediated dark adaptation delays are among the earliest functional abnormalities in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), preceding photoreceptor loss. This study evaluated whether parafoveal fundus-tracked dark adaptometry detects earlier rod dysfunction than more eccentric mid-macula testing and assessed the diagnostic performance of dynamic and steady-state parameters across eccentricities. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 35 patients with predominantly early / intermediate ...
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss. Some patients experience vision loss over a delayed timeframe, others at a rapid pace. Physicians analyze time-of-visit fundus photographs to predict patient risk of developing late-AMD, the most severe form of AMD. Our study hypothesizes that 1) incorporating historical data improves predictive strength of developing late-AMD and 2) state-of-the-art deep-learning techniques extract more predictive image features than cl...
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PurposeTo investigate whether choroidal neovascularization (CNV) can act as a trigger for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in patients with pachychoroid features, by analyzing cases where fluorescein angiography (FA)-confirmed leakage originated directly within the CNV lesion. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with no prior history or signs of CSCR who presented with a first episode of CSCR and coexisting CNV. Inclusion required at least one FA-confirmed leakage point located w...
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PurposeTo develop and demonstrate the anatomical feasibility of a human whole-eye transplantation (WET) protocol that eliminates warm ischemia time (WIT) through continuous retrograde arterial perfusion, enabling uninterrupted ocular oxygenation throughout the transplantation process. DesignExperimental cadaveric feasibility study. SubjectsTwo fresh human cadaveric specimens used to simulate a complete donor-to-recipient WET sequence. MethodsA modified fronto-temporo-orbito-zygomatic cranioto...
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PurposeSubretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) are a distinct entity in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and associated with photoreceptor impairment during progression. Their early impact on photoreceptors remains incompletely understood. This study examined photoreceptor reflectivity during the phase when SDDs were not clinically detectable on optical coherence tomography (OCT) using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). DesignLongitudinal observational study. Participant...
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Heritability of common eye diseases and ocular traits are relatively high. Here, we develop an automated algorithm to detect genetic relatedness from color fundus photographs (FPs). We estimated the degree of shared ancestry amongst individuals in the UK Biobank using KING software. A convolutional Siamese neural network-based algorithm was trained to output a measure of genetic relatedness using 7224 pairs (3612 related and 3612 unrelated) of FPs. The model achieved high performance for predict...
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PurposeTo develop and validate deep learning (DL)-based models for classifying geographic atrophy (GA) subtypes using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans across four clinical classification tasks. DesignRetrospective comparative study evaluating three DL architectures on OCT data with two experimental approaches. Subjects455 OCT volumes (258 Central GA [CGA], 74 Non-Central GA [NCGA], 123 no GA [NGA]) from 104 patients at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist. For GA versus age-related macula...
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PurposeTo characterize microscopic alteration of photoreceptors and RPE surrounding cuticular drusen in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using multimodal imaging, including high resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). MethodsEyes with early to intermediate AMD and predominantly cuticular drusen underwent color fundus photography, infrared reflectance, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and AOSLO. Cuticular drusen were identified using mu...
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PurposeQuantitative metrics obtained from retinal fundus images (such as vessel length, tortuosity and other scale-dependent measures) are increasingly used as potential biomarkers for systemic diseases, including cardio- and neurovascular conditions. However, with the increasing prevalence of myopia and related axial growth, this study aims to evaluate if axial length scaling significantly alters the overall distributions of the inferred biomarkers when compared to biomarker data obtained witho...
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AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWO_ST_ABSPurposeC_ST_ABSTo characterize photoreceptor layer thinning in clinically unremarkable regions adjacent to the atrophic lesion in early-stage ABCA4 disease eyes. Methods27 patients with confined atrophic lesions ([≤]3.5mm in diameter) were included. Two pathogenic alleles were confirmed by sequencing of the ABCA4 locus. Multimodal imaging included color fundus photography, short wavelength-autofluorescence (SW-AF) and near infrared-autofluorescence (NIR-AF) im...
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Purpose: To determine the test-retest reliability of visual function parameters in patients with genetically confirmed Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), as a necessary step toward evaluating their suitability as outcome measures in future therapeutic trials. Methods: In this prospective natural history study (PROPXE, ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05662085), patients with PXE underwent comprehensive visual function evaluation in one study eye at baseline and at a month 2 retest visit. Functional testi...
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PurposeOptical coherence tomography (OCT) representations in clinical practice are static and do not allow for a dynamic visualisation and quantification of blood flow. This study aims to present a method to analyse retinal blood flow dynamics using time-resolved structural optical coherence tomography (OCT). MethodsWe developed novel imaging protocols to acquire video-rate time-resolved OCT B-scans (1024 x 496 pixels, 10{degrees} field of view) at four different sensor integration times (integ...